It has been shown that extension and branching of apical and basal dendrites are differentially regulated by the secreted guidance molecule, semaphorin 3A. Īpical and basal dendrites differ in various properties, including size, geometry, electrical conduction, and responsiveness to neurotrophic factors or guidance molecules. Immature granule cells produce transient dendrites from the basal portion of the soma, which are then retracted by adulthood, except for in a small population of granule cells in primates. In contrast to pyramidal cells, dentate granule cells have a monoconical arbor of apical dendrites with all branches directed toward the superficial region of the molecular layer. Thus, the dendritic architecture of pyramidal cells take a biconical shape and are able to receive synaptic inputs from different afferent sources. The apical and basal dendrites are oriented in opposite directions and occupy different layers, with apical dendrites extending toward the hippocampal fissure through the stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum-moleculare, and basal dendrites extending in the opposite direction through the stratum oriens. Pyramidal cells give rise to a long, thick apical dendrite and several minor basal dendrites that emerge from the apex and base of the teardrop-shaped soma, respectively. Pyramidal cells in the Ammon’s horn (cornu ammonis, or CA) and granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) are the two principal neuronal types in the hippocampal formation, exhibiting distinct dendritic arbor structures. Neurons of the central nervous system exhibit enormously diverse dendritic arbor architecture, which determines both the number and type of synaptic inputs received, and hence critically affect neuronal connectivity. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: This work was supported by the NEXT program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan to MK. Received: SeptemAccepted: JanuPublished: February 23, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Wu et al. PLoS ONE 10(2):Īcademic Editor: Makoto Sato, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, JAPAN The apical dendrite designation is determined from among multiple growing dendrites of young developing neurons.Ĭitation: Wu YK, Fujishima K, Kengaku M (2015) Differentiation of Apical and Basal Dendrites in Pyramidal Cells and Granule Cells in Dissociated Hippocampal Cultures. Our results suggest that polarized growth of the apical dendrite is regulated by cell intrinsic programs, while regression of basal dendrites requires cue(s) from the extracellular environment in the dentate gyrus. Before dendritic polarity was stabilized, the Golgi moved dynamically within the soma and was repeatedly repositioned at newly emerging principal dendrites. Time-lapse imaging revealed that up until the second week in culture, final principal dendrite designation was not stabilized, but was frequently replaced by other minor dendrites. Asymmetric growth of a single principal dendrite harboring the Golgi was observed in both cell types soon after the onset of dendritic growth. While basal dendrites in granule cells are normally degraded by adulthood in vivo, cultured granule cells retained their minor dendrites. Pyramidal and granule cells in culture exhibited similar dendritic patterns with a single principal dendrite and several minor dendrites so that the cell types were not readily distinguished by appearance. Furthermore, we observed and described the final apical dendrite determination during dendritic polarization by time-lapse imaging. Using quantitative morphometric analyses of mouse hippocampal cultures, we evaluated the differences in dendritic arborization patterns between pyramidal and granule cells. Both cell types form a long apical dendrite which extends from the apex of the cell soma, while short basal dendrites are developed only in pyramidal cells. Hippocampal pyramidal cells and dentate granule cells develop morphologically distinct dendritic arbors, yet also share some common features.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |